Effects of magnesium and ionic strength on the diffusion and charge properties of several single tRNA species.

The technique of laser light scattering was used to evaluate the effects of Mg+2 and ionic strength on the solution structures of seven tRNA species. Information about ion effects on both conformation and electric charge were derived from measurements of the translational diffusion constants and diffusive virial coefficients. E. coli tRNAMetf and six elongator tRNAs from both Class I and II were studied. The diffusion measurements show that the responses of all but the initiator species are qualitatively similar to each other and to that of bulk tRNA, but that significant quantitative differences also obtain. All of the elongator species exhibited an anomolous increase in diffusivity reported earlier by us for bulk tRNA when placed in a low salt-low Mg+2 condition. The initiator tRNA did not undergo this transition and unlike the other tRNAs tested was apparently more compact in 1 mM Mg+2 than 10 mM Mg+2 at ionic strengths in excess of 0.1 M. At 0.1 M ionic strength, pH 7.2, the average net charge of the tRNAs ranged from 7-12 e- in 1 mM Mg+2 and 3-7 e- in 10 mM Mg+2, consistent with the binding of 1-2 additional Mg+2 ions in the higher Mg+2 condition.